After several centuries of voluntary or involuntary introduction of exotic mammals and plants by humans, island ecosystems find themselves unbalanced and very fragile. Difficult measures such as eradication are sometimes preferred, especially on uninhabited islands where invasive species proliferate and endanger the survival of other species native to the island. This technique will be discussed in this episode, what does it mean to “eradicate” a species and what are the issues surrounding this method, especially in relation to social acceptance ? We will go into the details of this approach, how to manage the technique and ethics and the factors for success.